گزارش کارآموزی کارخانه شیر و لبنیات چوپان

توضیحات

گزارش کارآموزی کارخانه شیر و لبنیات چوپان Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE FA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState='false' DefUnhideWhenUsed='true' DefSemiHidden='true' DefQFormat='false' DefPriority='99' LatentStyleCount='267'> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='0' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Normal'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='9' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='heading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='10' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Title'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='11' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtitle'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='22' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Strong'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='20' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='59' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Table Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='1' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='No Spacing'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='34' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='List Paragraph'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='29' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='30' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='19' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='21' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='31' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='32' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='33' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Book Title'/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:'Table Normal'; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:''; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>1<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> توضیحاتی در باره ی کارخانه چوپان<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>2<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> آزمایشگاههای کارخانه<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>2<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> تاریخچه:<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>3<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> تعریف شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>5<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> واحدهاي شركت چوپان<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>6<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> انواع محصولات توليدي توسط شركت<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>6<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> نحوه ورود شير به كارخانه و بررسي سيستم HTST<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext; display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>6<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> شير پاستوريزه و هموژن<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>8<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> شير خشك<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>9<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> مراحل توليد<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>9<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> كنترلهاي مرحله تغليظ<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>9<span style='color: windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> بسته بندي<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>10<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> موارد نشانه گذاري<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>10<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> خامه (Cream)<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>11<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> تعاریف<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>11<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> نسبت بین اندازه ذرات در شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>13<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> پنیر (Cheese)<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>13<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> ضد عفونی کردن<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>16<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> مراحل شستشو و نظافت<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>16<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> شستشو درجا (CIP) Cleaning- in Place<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>17<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> ماست (Yoghurt)<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>17<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> ضایعات در صنایع شیر و فرآورده های آن و راههای جلوگیری از ضایعات<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext; display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>20<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> تکنولوژی شیر تغلیظ شده و خشک<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>21<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> دستگاههای تبخیر کننده<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>22<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> انواع تبخیر کننده های یک مرحله ای<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>22<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> تکنولوژی شیر خشک<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>22<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-family:Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>v روش های اصلی<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>22<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> خشک کن پاششی (اسپری) Spray – Drying<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display: none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>23<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> سلول های شیری (Alveoil) :<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext; display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>25<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> رشد بافت پستان<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>26<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> انواع دام های مختلف شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>29<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> خواص فیزیک و شیمیایی شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>30<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> وسیکوزیته<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>32<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> خواص شیمیایی شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>32<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> آنزیم های شیر: هیدرولازها، اکسید وردوکتازها<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide: screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-tab-count: 1 dotted'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>33<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> لیپاز<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>33<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> گازهای موجود در شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>34<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> هموژنیزاسیون<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>34<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> ترکیبات شیمیایی شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>35<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> غلظت پروتئین های در شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>36<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> میکروبیولوژی شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>36<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> منابع آلودگی شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>38<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> باکتریوفاژ<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>41<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> شیر مایع<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>41<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> چربی شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>41<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> شیر تلغیظ شده<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>42<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> خامه<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>43<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> پاستوریزاسیون شیر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>44<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> استریل کردن<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>45<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> ترمالیزیشن<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>46<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> ماست<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>46<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> نوع مایه ماست<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>46<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> استرلیزاسیون و ضد عفونی<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>48<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> ضد عفونی<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>48<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> استرلیزاسیون<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>48<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> رنگ آمیزی ساده<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>50<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> آزمايشگاه هاي كارخانه چوپان<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none; mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>51<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> وزن خصوص (Specific Gravity )<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>51<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> غلظت سنج بريكس Brix Scale<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>53<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> آزمايشات شير<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>54<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> تعريف شير<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>54<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> عوامل موثر در تغيير تركيبات شير:<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none; mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>54<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> آماده كردن نمونه<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>55<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> جستجوي تقلبات در شير<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>58<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> اندازه گيري چربي شير توسط بوتيرومتر<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>60<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> بخش مدیریت<span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>61<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'> مراحل تصفيه كلاسيك Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE FA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState='false' DefUnhideWhenUsed='true' DefSemiHidden='true' DefQFormat='false' DefPriority='99' LatentStyleCount='267'> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='0' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Normal'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='9' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='heading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='10' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Title'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='11' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtitle'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='22' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Strong'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='20' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='59' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Table Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='1' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='No Spacing'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='34' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='List Paragraph'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='29' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='30' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='19' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='21' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='31' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='32' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='33' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Book Title'/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:'Table Normal'; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:''; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} مقدمه: شیر بطور کلی، عبارت است از تراوشهای غدد پستانی حیوانات پستاندار- معمولاً گاو- که عاری از کلستروم می باشد و در اثر دوشش کامل یک یا چند حیوان سالم به دست می آید. کلیۀ پستانداران پس از تولد نوزاد خود، قادر به تولید شیر هستند. در عصر پستانداران اولیه، قبل از گسترش و پیشرفت زندگی خاکی، بدون شک ترکیب اجزاء غیرآلی مایعات بدن آبزیان شباهت زیادی با محیط زندگی آنها داشته است. سپس در اثر تکامل، ترکیب خون و دیگر مایعات بدن آنها به منظور سازش با محیط اطراف و یا به دلیل اختصاصی گشتن نیازشان تغییر کرده است. شیر، غذای طبیعی نوزادان می باشد. بشر در هزاران سال پیش متوجه شد که می تواند از این فرآوردۀ با ارزش به عنوان غذا، نه تنها برای کودکان، بلکه برای بزرگسالان نیز استفاده نماید. بر این اساس، او از طریق انتخاب و پرورش حیوانات توانست تولید شیر را به میزان قابل توجهی افزایش داده، آن را به عنوان غذای خویش مورد استفاده قرار دهد. نوع حیوانات تولید کنندۀ شیر در یک منطقه تا حد زیادی به شرایط آب و هوایی محل بستگی دارد. گاو، بومی مناطق معتدله است. مردم اروپا و مناطق مهاجرنشین، نظیر آمریکای شمالی، استرالیا و نیوزیلند، از جمله مصرف کنندگان عمده شیر گاو و فرآورده های آن به شمار می روند. شیر بز و گوسفند در جنوب اروپا طرفدارانی دارد. مصرف شیر گوزن شمالی توسط لاپهای اروپای شمالی نیز قابل ذکر است. در جنوب غربی آمریکا شیر گاو میش اهلی آسیایی (بوفالوی آبی) به مصرف می رسد. مادیان، شتر و لاما از دیگر حیواناتی هستند که شیر آنها مصرف انسانی دارد. علاوه بر این، مهمترین غذای کودک یعنی شیر انسان را نمی باید از نظر دور داشت. وجود یکسری عوامل طبیعی نظیر نژاد، مرحله شیردهی، عفونت پستان، فصل، تغذیه و روند شیر دوشی تخمین دقیق متوسط ترکیبات شیر را مشکل ساخته و لذا اطلاعات موجود دربارۀ ترکیب شیر باید با توجه به این عوامل تفسیر شود. <span dir='LTR' style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>.. <span style='font-family:"B Yagut"; color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none' lang='AR-SA'>65<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;mso-hide:screen;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'>