فایل جايگاه فيبر و ادوات نوري در شبكه هاي مخابراتي نسل آينده

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فایل جايگاه فيبر و ادوات نوري در شبكه هاي مخابراتي نسل آينده
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<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
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شبكه‌هاي عمومي به دلايل متفاوتي ناهمگن هستند. مشتريان به خدماتي همانند صوت داده
و ويدئو نياز دارند و از وسايل متفاوتي نظير نوت بوك‌ها، PDAها،
تلفنهاي سلولار، دوربينهاي ويديويي و غيره استفاده مي‌شود. بنابراين رنج وسيعي از
وسايل سيار و ثابت پديدار مي‌شود.
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
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مشتري ناهمگن بودن شبكه غيرقابل درك است. درگذشته شبكه‌هاي متفاوتي براي پاسخ به
اين نيازهاي متنوع توسط فراهم‌كننده‌هاي سرويس ساخته شده است كه هر يك براي يك
نياز ويژه بهينه شده بودند. براي مثال <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:
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mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
براي خدمات صوتي، شبكه <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>Ip براي خدمات اينترنت <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>(Web)<span style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
و شبكه داده مبني بر سوئيچ براي خدمات <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:
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mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
و <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>Frame relay و هم چنين شبكه‌هاي ويژه‌اي براي يك كاربرد
خاص نظير كنفرانس ويديويي طراحي شده بودند [3] [1].
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
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گزارش براوردي از شبكه‌هاي نسل آينده، فوايد NGN<span style='font-size:14.0pt;
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و همچنين نقش مهم تكنولوژي انتقال فيبر نوري را كه اخيراً توسعه داده شده است را
ارائه مي‌كند. تكنولوژي <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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را ميسر مي‌سازد. خدمات <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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يكپارچه خواهد بود. در فصل 2 تعريفي از <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:
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mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
ارائه و معماري و اجزا اصلي آن معرفي مي‌شود در فصل سوم اتصالهاي متقابل نوري و
فوتوني بررسي مي‌شود. در فصل چهارم فيبرها و ظرفيت‌ آنها در شبكه <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Zar'>NGN، اجزا ارسال سيستم انتقال فيبر نوري و
درنهايت برد فيبرهاي موجود بررسي مي شود. انتخاب معماري شبكه عنوان فصل 5 مي‌باشد
در اين قسمت سه معماري شبكه مختلف معرفي مي‌شود شبكه Shared
Ip-Only ، شبكه مركب و شبكه فيبر. و در فصل 6 به <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Zar'>dark fibre ها پرداخته مي‌شود و نگاهي به تكنولوژيهاي
موجود و آينده، تكنولوژيهاي فيبر و سوييچينگ نوري آخرين فصل اين گزارش به شمار مي‌آيد.
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
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بررسي اجمالي <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>NGN
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
text-kashida:0%;line-height:38.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'>2-1-
<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>NGN چيست؟
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
text-kashida:0%;line-height:38.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'>تعريف
واحد و پذيرفته شده‌ اي از <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>NGN<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
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وجود ندارد و در حال حاضر عبارت مبهمي است. تعاريف ارائه شده از <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Zar'>ETSI و <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>ITU-T<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[2]
مشخصات اصلي <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>NGN را معرفي كرده اند. به عنوان مثال <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Zar'>NGN;ITU-T را به عنوان شبكه‌اي مبتني بر بسته<span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[3] تعريف
كرده است، كه خدماتي شامل سرويسهاي ارتباطي، توانايي استفاده از پهناي باند
چندگانه<span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[4] و كيفيت
سرويس<span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[5] كه براي
تكنولوژيهاي انتقال تهيه شده است را فراهم مي‌كند. عموماً NGN<span style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
به عنوان <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>all IP يا شبكه‌هاي مجتمع مبتني بر بسته با مشخصاتي
كه درجدول (2-1) نشان داده شده است بيان مي‌شود. NGN<span style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
به تنهايي مشخصات شبكه را پوشش نمي‌دهد اما مشخصات سرويس آن فرصتهاي جديدي را براي
اپراتورهاي شبكه، فراهم كننده‌هاي سرويس،<span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[6] توليد
كننده‌هاي ارتباطات و كاربرها فراهم مي‌كند [1].
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<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
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Zar'>all Ip يا شبكه مبتني بر بسته
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
text-kashida:0%;line-height:38.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'>بيشتر
كارشناسان معمولاً <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>NGN را به عنوان يك شبكه چندسرويسي<span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[1] مبني بر
تكنولوژي <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>Ip مي‌شناسند.
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
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mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
مانند يك شبكه <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>Ip مجتمع مي‌تواند براي ارتباطات بي‌سيم و با
سيم انواع ترافيك يا برنامه‌هاي كاربردي را روي شبكه‌هاي مبتني بر بسته بكار گيرد.
در مجموع، بسياري از كارشناسان استدلال مي‌كنندكه NGN<span style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'>
در ده سال آينده جايگزين مدار رايج مبني بر PSTN<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[2]
خواهد شد.
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
text-kashida:0%;line-height:38.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'>خدمات
كاربردي مجزا از شبكه انتقال
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
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يك معماري باز<span dir='LTR' style='mso-special-character:
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EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[3]
بوسيله برنامه هاي كاربردي و شبكه‌هاي مجزا فراهم مي‌كند و به آنها اجازه مي‌دهد
به صورت جداگانه ارائه شوند و برنامه‌هاي كاربردي مي توانند مستقلاً صرف‌نظر از
نوع شبكه‌اي كه استفاده مي‌شود توسعه پيدا كنند. با يك معماري باز استانداردسازي
به طور فزاينده‌اي اهميت پيدا مي‌كند اما به كاربران شبكه اجازه مي دهد كه بهترين
محصولات موجود را انتخاب كنند و يك برنامه كاربردي جديد مي‌تواند در يك مدت زمان
خيلي كوتاهتر نسبت به <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>PSTN و <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Zar'>ISDN<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Zar' lang='AR-SA'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[4]
اجرا شود.
<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;
text-kashida:0%;line-height:38.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'>شركتهايي
كه وسايل يا تجهيزات كامپيوتري را توليد كرده و به فروش مي‌رسانند،<span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Zar;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>[5] مي‌توانند
برنامه هاي كاربردي و سرويسها را براي كاربران نهايي توسعه دهند. فراهم‌كننده‌هاي
سرويس مي‌توانند يك يا چند برنامه كاربردي را داخل يك سرويس بسته‌بندي كنند يا
برنامه‌هاي كاربردي مي‌توانند بوسيله كاربران روي يك پايه نظير به نظير مورد
استفاده قرار گيرند.