دانلود فایل بررسی طنز در نثر
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دانلود فایل بررسی طنز در نثر
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FA
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این فایل در قالب فرمت word قابل ویرایش ، آماده پرینت و استفاده میباشد
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:#FF6600' lang='FA'>بخشی
از متن اصلی <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1' lang='FA'>:<span dir='LTR' style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:
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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:
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<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>به نظر من كمدي، چه در شعر و چه در نثر
و چه در هنر نمايش، به سه دسته اصلي تقسيم ميشود : طنز، هزل و هجو. هر يك از اين سه،
زيرمجموعههايي دارد : <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>-
زيرمجموعههاي طنز عبارتند از: <span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>لطيفه، ظريفه، مطايبه، بذله، شوخي، تعريض
و تجاهل العارف سقراطي، نقيضهگويي طنز يا به عبارت كوتاهتر : نقيضه طنز. <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>زيرمجموعههاي هزل عبارتند از: <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>ذم شبيه به مدح، مدح شبيه به ذم، مزاح،
ضحك، سخريه، تهكم، اشتلم، تسخر زدن، ريشخند، طعنه، كنايه، بيغاره يا سرزنش، استهزاء
و نقيضه هزل. <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>زيرمجموعههاي هجو عبارتند از: <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>ژاژ، فحش، دشنام، سقط، تقبيح، بيهودهگويي،
ذم، بدگويي، بدزباني، بددهاني، ترّهات و خزعبلات، سبكساري، فضولي، قذف، چرند و پرند،
لاغ، گستاخي، لودگي، لعن و طعن، هرزه لافي، هرزه درايي، استهجان و نقيضه هجو. <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>حال به سراغ تعاريف طنز و هزل و هجو مي
پردازيم:<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
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mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>)
آن است كه به لفظ نه معناي حقيقي و نه معناي مجازي آن را اراده كنند و آن ضدّ جدّ است
و در فن بديع از محسنات معنوي است و آن در حقيقت جدّي است كه مطلب در آن، بر سبيل شوخي
و مطايبه ذكر شود و اين البته ظاهر امر باشد و غرض از آن، امر درستي باشد. مانند اينكه
شاعر گويد : <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
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<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>اذا ما تميميُ اتاكَ مفاخراً فقل عُد عن ذاك كيفَ
اكلُكَ لِلضَبِ <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>(تهانوي، كشاف اصطلاحات الفنون، ج 2، ص
532) <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:
Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>تميمي چو آيد به پيشت دوان كند نازش و فخر چون مهتران؛ <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'> بگويش رها كن تو اين ادّعـا وزغ را چگونه خوري مهتــرا؟ <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>2- هجو (satire<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>)
عبارت از اين است كه : معايب كسي يا گروهي يا چيزي را به نظم يا نثر بيان كنند و اين
نوع گاه با دشنام و سخنان تند نيز همراه باشد. در ادب پارسي و تازي و همين طور غربي،
هجو و طنز غالباً در كنار هم بودند. مانند موش و گربه عبيد زاكاني و سفرهاي گاليور
سويفت.<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:
Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>این فایل به
همراه چکیده ، فهرست مطالب ،
متن
اصلی<span style='color:#4F6228;mso-themecolor:accent3;mso-themeshade:
128'> و <span style='color:#4F6228;mso-themecolor:accent3;mso-themeshade:
128'>منابع<span style='color:#4F6228;mso-themecolor:accent3;
mso-themeshade:128'> تحقیق با فرمت<span dir='LTR' style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:#548DD4;
mso-themecolor:text2;mso-themetint:153'>word<span dir='LTR' style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:#548DD4;
mso-themecolor:text2;mso-themetint:153'> <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'> در اختیار شما قرار میگیرد<span dir='LTR' style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi;color:#00B050' lang='FA'>تعداد صفحات <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:#7030A0' lang='FA'>: 67<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>