دانلود فایل بررسی نظريه حقوق طبيعى

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دانلود فایل بررسی نظريه حقوق طبيعى
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/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:'Table Normal';
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:'';
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif';
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
این فایل در قالب فرمت word قابل ویرایش ، آماده پرینت و استفاده میباشد
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>«نظريه حقوق طبيعى» داراى
سابقه بيش از دو هزار ساله است و فيلسوفانى همچون سقراط، ارسطو و افلاطون از آن جانب
دارى كرده اند. عده اى سقراط را بنيان گذار اين نظريه مى دانند. در ابتدا، اين ديدگاه
بسيط و ساده بود، ولى به تدريج متحوّل شد. تفاوت معتقدان قديم اين نظريه با معتقدان
جديد آن، در اين است كه همه قدما در عين اعتقاد به اين نظريه، منكر خدا و دين نبودند،
ولى بيش تر معتقدان جديد اين نظريه اعتقادى به دين و خدا و امور ماوراى طبيعى ندارند.
گروه اخير به جاى انتساب حقوق طبيعى به خدا، حقوق طبيعى را به «عقل» و «طبيعت اجتماعى»
نسبت مى دهند. براى مثال، گرى سيز مى گويد: قواعد حقوق طبيعى حتى اگر خدايى هم نبود،
يا در كار انسان دخالت نمى كرد، باز وجود داشت. <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin' lang='FA'>از اواسط قرن نوزدهم تا اواسط قرن بيستم
ـ يعنى به مدت حدود يك و نيم قرن ـ حقوق طبيعى، دوره ركود و خاموشى خودش را سپرى كرد
و در اواسط قرن بيستم، حقوق طبيعى جان تازه اى گرفت. از جمله افرادى كه در اين زمينه
نقش داشته اند، جان فينيس مى باشد. در عين حال، اين نظريه توسط تعدادى از فيلسوفان،
كه نسبت به نظر «حقوق طبيعى» نيز دل سوز بودند، مورد انتقاد واقع شده است. نويسنده
مقاله، رُبرت پى جرج، در داورى خود، انتقاد منتقدان را رد كرده و ديدگاه جان فينيس
در زمينه حقوق طبيعى را مورد تقويت قرار داده است. (مترجم) <span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>
<span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>این فایل به همراه <span style='color:#4F6228;mso-themecolor:accent3;
mso-themeshade:128'>متن اصلی تحقیق با فرمت 'word<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi;color:#548DD4;mso-themecolor:text2;mso-themetint:153'> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'> ' در اختیار شما قرار می‌گیرد<span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi' lang='FA'>.