دانلود پاورپوينت بررسی الگوي ساخت گرايي
توضیحات تکمیلی
دانلود پاورپوينت بررسی الگوي ساخت گرايي Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState='false' DefUnhideWhenUsed='true' DefSemiHidden='true' DefQFormat='false' DefPriority='99' LatentStyleCount='267'> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='0' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Normal'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='9' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='heading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='10' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Title'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='11' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtitle'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='22' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Strong'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='20' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='59' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Table Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='1' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='No Spacing'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='34' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='List Paragraph'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='29' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='30' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='19' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='21' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='31' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='32' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='33' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Book Title'/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:'Table Normal'; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:''; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;} این فایل در قالب فرمت Power Point قابل ویرایش ، آماده پرینت و ارائه به عنوان پروژه پایانی میباشد<p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'><p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>مفهوم ساختگرايي: <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>روش ساخت گرایی از قدم الایام مورد توجه بسیاری از صاحب نظران تعلیم و تربیت بوده و هست. با نگاهی به فلسفه آموزش و پرورش روشن می شود که سقراط به ساخت گرایی نظر داشته است. سقراط در جریان آموزشهای خود مدام با ارائه سئوالات <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>، <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>تلاش می کرد فراگیران را به تفکر درباره خود و محیط پیرامون هدایت کند. علاوه بر سقراط پیروان او نیز به ترویج و توسعه روش ساخت گرایی توجه داشتند. <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>در عصر حاضر صاحب نظران زیادی در شکل گیری روش ساخت گرایی نقش مهمی داشتند که به چند مورد از آنان اشاره می شود. <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>از جمله کسانی که به روش ساخت گرایی توجه ویژه ای داشتند ژان ژاک رو<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>سو<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> بود. او معتقد است <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>،<span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> یادگیرنده باید خود به پدیده ها معنا دهد و شیوه عمل و فعالیت را خود تعیین نماید و یا جان دیویی بر محیط یادگیری، محیط و تجریه مستقیم تاکید داشتند و آقای <span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>برونر<span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> نیز بر عملیات ویژه دهنی که از تجارب <span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>متفاوتی<span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> عاید می شد راغب بوده و یا آقای پیاژه بر جذب و انطباق و تعادل ج<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>و<span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>ی نظر داشتند و آزوبل به شگل گیری ساختارهای ذهنی پافشاری می کردند. <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>ساخت گرایان به طرز ساختن یا پدید آوری دانش بر <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>مبنای<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> تجارب شخصی، ساختهای ذهنی و باورها تاکید می کردند و این ذهن است که دنیای خاصی را برای انسان می سازد. <span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>از نظر آنان هیچ جهانی واقعی تر از دیگری نیست و دنیای هرکسی برخود او واقعیتی<span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'> ملموس <span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>تر دارد. <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>بر اساس نظریه <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>ساخت <span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>گرایی هیچ واقعیت یا هستی به طور مستقل وجود ندارد. همه واقعیتها وابسته به ذهن عاملهای شناسایی ( انسانها ) هستند و ذهن اساس و ابزار تعیبر و تفسیر رخدادها، اشیاء چشم اندازه های جهان است و چنین تفسیرها و تعبیرهای دانش <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>را بنیان <span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> می نهند. <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>با توجه به این که امروزه رویکرد آموزشی به نوآوری <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>، <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>خلاقیت و تولید دانش است و این مهم پایه یکی از ویژگی های روش تدریس مناسب می باشد تا جریان تدریس بر اصل تعامل یادگیرندگان با محیط و کشف حقایق بنا شود. از<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>این رو روش ساخت گرایی تناسب وی<span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>ژه ای <span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>با همین موضوع دارد. زیرا روش ساخت گرایی به دست آوردهای شخصی و تولید و ابداع روشها و مفاهیم توجه خاصی می شود و نیز باید توجه داشت که در این روش معلم و همه امکانات <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>'<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>تسهیل کننده<span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>'<span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> دانش سازی توسط دانش <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>آمو<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>ز و فراگیرندگان هستند.<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>معلمانی که علاقه دارند با استفاده از نظریه ساخت گرایی به طراحی آموزشی اقدام کرده و به تدریس بپردازند می پذیرند و باید نقشهای متفاوتی را <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>ایفا<span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> نمایند. در این روش مهمترین نقشی که معلم باید داشته باشد نقش آسان سازی فرایند دانش سازی است و دانش آموزان را در ساخت دانش هدایت و راهنمایی کند. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>الگوي ساختگرايي: <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>در الگوي ساختگرايي، دانشآموزان پس از ديگري مستقيم با تجارب خود در محيط يادگيري به آموزش فعال ميپردازند به جمعآوري دادهها، استدلال و دادهپردازيهاي هوشمندانه، ساخت الگوهاي ذهني و اكتشاف شخصي دست ميزنند آنان به شيوههاي فرآيند محوري، خود يادگيري و همياري در يادگيري با مديريت شخصي محيط يادگيري و مسئوليتپذيري نسبت به گروه به انجام تكاليف يادگيري معنيدار و دانشپروري اقدام ميكنند. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>مراحل اجراي الگوي ساختگرايي: <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>1- درگير كردن: تحريك حس كنجكاوي و علاقه دانشآموزان از طريق انجام يك فعاليت، طرح يك سؤال جالب، خواندن يك داستان نيمهتمام، نشان دادن يك عكس جالب و... <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>2- كاوش: <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>مشاهدهي دقيق و ثبت مشاهدات <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>تفكر آزاد و بحث گروهي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo2; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>پيشبيني و انجام آزمايش (پرورش مهارت كاوشگري) <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>3- توصيف: <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>شرح و توصيف دقيق مشاهدات به صورت كتبي و شفاهي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>بيان راهحلها و پاسخهاي احتمالي (پرورش و مهارتهاي تفكر انتقادي و تجزيه و تحليل)<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>4- شرح و بسط <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>جمعآوري اطلاعات از منابع مختلف<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>تعميم و گسترش يافتهها و ايجاد ارتباط بين ايدههاي مرتبط به هم (پرورش توانايي كاربرد مفاهيم در موقعيتهاي جديد) <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>5- ارزشيابي: <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ارزشيابي دانش به ويژه مهارتهاي كسب شده در فرايند يادگيري<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>استفاده از روش خودارزيابي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>گام اول: درگير كردن <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>اين مرحله براي جلب توجه كلاس به موضوع مورد آموزش و ايجاد هيجان و انگيزه در فراگيران طراحي شده است. به طور كلي انگيزه را ميتوان به عنوان نيروي محرك فعاليتهاي انسان و عامل جهتدهندهي آن تعريف كرد. در اولين گام از اجراي اين الگو هدف ايجاد انگيزه و درگير كردن دانشآموزان است. يك سؤال جالب، يم داستان نيمه تمام، يك عكس خوب، ارائهي يك فعاليت مناسب علمي و... ميتواند در اين مرحله مورد استفادهي شما قرار گيرد. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>گام دوم: كاوش <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>در اين مرحله كه در واقع مطالعه بعد از ايجاد انگيزه است دانشآموزان در حيطهي فعاليت مشخص شده به تفكر آزاد ميپردازند. اين مرحله به دانشآموزان در ايجاد يك قالب و چهارچوب فكري براي تشكيل مفاهيم جديد كمك ميكند. پيشنهاد ميشود كار را به صورت گروهي دنبال كنيد. وظايف گروهها در اين مرحله عبارتست از : <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>- <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>مشاهدهي دقيق و يادداشتبرداري<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>- <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>انجام فعاليتهاي خواسته شده (مانند رسم تصوير و...)<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>- <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>بحث و تبادل نظر پيرامون موضوع مورد آموزش<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo5; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>- <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>پيشبيني راهحلها و پاسخهاي احتمالي و فرضهاي جديد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>در اين مرحله معلم نقش راهنما را دارد. دانشآموزان را به همياري در گروه ترغيب كنيد. فعاليت گروهها را به دقت مشاهده كرده، به مباحث آنها گوش دهيد. از دانشآموزان سؤالات تفكر برانگيز بپرسيد. نقش مشاورهاي معلم در اين مرحله اهميت بسيار دارد. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>گام سوم: توصيف <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>در اين مرحله بايد كار را به دست دانشآموزان بدهيد. از آنها بخواهيد براي كار و فعاليتهايي كه انجام دادهاند توضيح منطقي و مستدل ارائه دهند. از هر گروه يك نفر را انتخاب كنيد تا به توصيف مشاهدات گروه بپردازد. اين توصيف ميتواند با استفاده از برگهي يادداشتي كه در مرحلهي قبل كامل شده است صورت بگيرد. احتمالاً بين گروهها نيز بحثها و اختلاف نظرهايي وجود خواهد داشت. بچهها سعي ميكنند از شما پاسخهاي صحيح را بخواهند ولي با هوشياري از دادن پاسخهاي نهايي خودداري كنيد. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>گام چهارم: شرح و بسط (گسترش) <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>در اين مرحله ميتوانيد پيرامون مفاهيم اصلي درس مطالبي ارائه دهيد و بيان مثالهاي اضافي و موارد بيشتر دربارهي موضوع اصلي ميتواند به دانشآموزان كمك كند تا خودشان مشكلات را حل كرده و پاسخ سؤالات خود را بيابند. در اين مرحله آنها ميتوانند با استفاده از منابع مختلف مانند كتاب درسي، دايره المعارف، نرمافزارهاي كامپيوتري و... اطلاعات خودرا گسترش دهند (بچهها را براي تلاش بيشتر و بررسي دقيقتر هدايت كنيد). از دانشآموزان بخواهيد از آموختهها و يادگيريهاي قبلي خود براي بسط و تعميم به ديگر مفاهيم استفاده كنند. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>گام پنجم: ارزشيابي <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ارزشيابي مستمر در طول انجام فعاليت و از مرحلهي اول آغاز شده است. در اين مرحله براي ارزشيابي پاياني ميتوانيد از يك روش بسيار جالب استفاده كنيد به اين صورت كه از هر گروه بخواهيد گزارش كاملي از فعاليت خود ارائه دهد. سپس اين گزارش را در اختيار گروه ديگر يا حتي كلاس ديگر قرار دهيد هر گروه ميتواند براساس معيارهاي تعيين شده از سوي معلم (ارزشيابي ملاكي) به ارزيابي كار گروه ديگر بپردازد. معيارها را نيز ميتوانيد با استفاده از نظرات كلاس تهيه نماييد. در اين صورت اطمينان و اعتماد دانشآموزان به نتايج ارزشيابي بيشتر ميشود و ارزشيابي گروهها با انگيزه و دقت بيشتري صورت ميگيرد (ميتوانيد روش خودارزيابي را نيز امتحان كنيد. از هر گروه بخواهيد گزارش كار خود را با معيارهاي تعيين شده ارزشيابي كند). <table class='MsoNormalTable' dir='rtl' style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-table-dir:bidi; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext' border='1' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0'> <td style='width:69.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='93'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>مراحل <td style='width:211.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:none;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='282'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>فعاليت معلم <td style='width:180.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:none;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='241'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>فعاليت دانشآموز <td style='width:69.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='93'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>درگير كردن <td style='width:211.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='282'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo6; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>تحريك حس كنجكاوي و ايجاد علاقه <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo6; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>پرسيدن سؤال و... <td style='width:180.9pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='241'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo6; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>پرسيدن سؤال چرا، اين اتفاق افتاد؟ قبلا در اين باره چقدر ميدانستيم؟<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo6; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>نشان دادن اشتياق نسبت به موضوع <td style='width:69.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='93'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>كاوش <td style='width:211.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='282'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo7; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ايفاي نقش مشاوره و راهنمايي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo7; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ترغيب دانشآموزان به همياري و... <td style='width:180.9pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='241'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo7; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ثبت ايدهها و نتايج حاصل از مشاوره <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo7; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>پرهيز از داوري <td style='width:69.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='93'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>توصيف <td style='width:211.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='282'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo8; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ترغيب دانشآموزان به شرح مفاهيم و تعاريف به زبان خود<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo8; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>پرسيدن سؤال به منظور روشن سازي و توجيه يافتهها <td style='width:180.9pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='241'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo8; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>از دادههاي ثبت شده در مراحل قبل براي ارائه راهحلها و پاسخهاي احتمالي كمك ميگيرد.<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo8; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>راهحلها و پاسخهاي پيشنهادي را به ساير يادگيرندگان شرح ميدهد و... <td style='width:69.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='93'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>گسترش (شرح و بسط) <td style='width:211.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='282'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>در اختيار گذاشتن منابع مختلف و هدايت دانشآموزان براي استفاده از آنها<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>تشوين به كاربرد مهارتها و مفاهيم در موقعيتهاي جديد و... <td style='width:180.9pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='241'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>از منابع مختلف براي كسب اطلاعات جديد استفاده ميكند<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo9; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>اطلاعات آموخته شده در زندگي روزمره به كار ميبرد <td style='width:69.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='93'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ارزشيابي <td style='width:211.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='282'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>ارزيابي از فعاليت دانشآموزان با توجه به معيارهاي تعيين شده <td style='width:180.9pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt' valign='top' width='241'> <p class='MsoListParagraphCxSpLast' dir='RTL' style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right: 36.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10; direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>· <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"B Nazanin";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'>استفاده از روش خودارزيابي و ارائه گزارش كامل از فعاليت خود <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;line-height:150%;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin"; mso-bidi-language:FA'>